冰(bing)(bing)(bing)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)石(shi)又(you)名六氟(fu)合(he)鋁(lv)(lv)酸鈉(na)(na)或氟(fu)化鋁(lv)(lv)鈉(na)(na)，分(fen)子式為(wei)(wei)Na3AlF6，白色細小的(de)結(jie)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)體，無(wu)氣味，溶(rong)(rong)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)度比(bi)(bi)天然冰(bing)(bing)(bing)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)石(shi)大(da)，比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)為(wei)(wei)3，硬度2~3，熔點(dian)1009攝氏度，易吸(xi)水受(shou)潮(chao)。冰(bing)(bing)(bing)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)石(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)作鋁(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)助熔劑(ji)(ji)，橡(xiang)膠、砂輪(lun)的(de)耐(nai)磨(mo)填充劑(ji)(ji)，搪瓷乳白劑(ji)(ji)，玻璃遮光劑(ji)(ji)和金屬熔劑(ji)(ji)，農(nong)作物的(de)殺(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)等。Hall—Heroult法是用(yong)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)石(shi)為(wei)(wei)基的(de)氟(fu)化物熔體作溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)(ji)的(de)以(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)金屬鋁(lv)(lv)的(de)方法，迄今(jin)為(wei)(wei)止還沒(mei)有(you)發現另一(yi)(yi)種化合(he)物可(ke)以(yi)代替冰(bing)(bing)(bing)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)石(shi)的(de)。這是因為(wei)(wei)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)石(shi)除了能夠溶(rong)(rong)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)氧(yang)化鋁(lv)(lv)以(yi)外(wai)還具(ju)有(you)其它一(yi)(yi)些不可(ke)缺少的(de)性(xing)質(zhi)，如(ru)不含比(bi)(bi)鋁(lv)(lv)更正電(dian)(dian)性(xing)的(de)元素，穩定(ding)性(xing)好(hao)，在一(yi)(yi)般條(tiao)件下不分(fen)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、不揮發、不潮(chao)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，熔點(dian)高于鋁(lv)(lv)，導電(dian)(dian)性(xing)好(hao)，節(jie)約(yue)電(dian)(dian)量等。可(ke)以(yi)說，如(ru)果(guo)沒(mei)有(you)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)石(shi)，全世界也許就(jiu)沒(mei)有(you)如(ru)此大(da)規模的(de)鋁(lv)(lv)工(gong)業(ye)，價格也就(jiu)沒(mei)有(you)這么(me)低，應用(yong)也就(jiu)沒(mei)有(you)這么(me)廣泛。格陵蘭西海岸是冰(bing)(bing)(bing)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)石(shi)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)產(chan)地(di)，此礦于1987年開采完畢(bi)。現時(shi)多以(yi)螢(ying)石(shi)人工(gong)合(he)成氟(fu)鋁(lv)(lv)酸鈉(na)(na)六氟(fu)鋁(lv)(lv)酸鈉(na)(na)供工(gong)業(ye)使用(yong)。西班牙(ya)、俄(e)羅斯和美國也有(you)產(chan)出(chu)。
冰(bing)晶(jing)(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)制鋁(lv)(lv)行(xing)業的(de)助熔(rong)(rong)(rong)劑，氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋁(lv)(lv)會溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)在冰(bing)晶(jing)(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)，好像溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)一(yi)樣。就(jiu)像食(shi)鹽溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)于水(shui)是(shi)一(yi)個道理,冰(bing)晶(jing)(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑,而氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋁(lv)(lv)是(shi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi).氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋁(lv)(lv)的(de)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)是(shi)真正意義(yi)上的(de)“熔(rong)(rong)(rong)融電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)”,其實,熔(rong)(rong)(rong)融的(de)是(shi)冰(bing)晶(jing)(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋁(lv)(lv)只是(shi)分(fen)散(san)質(zhi),分(fen)散(san)于液(ye)態的(de)冰(bing)晶(jing)(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)而已(yi),熔(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)中(zhong)的(de)陰(yin)離子(zi)是(shi)復雜的(de)原(yuan)子(zi)團,并非(fei)簡單氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)離子(zi).冰(bing)晶(jing)(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑,將氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋁(lv)(lv)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),然(ran)后(hou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie).冰(bing)晶(jing)(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在這(zhe)里(li)起了關鍵(jian)作(zuo)用(yong),它(ta)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)決了氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋁(lv)(lv)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)點高（達(da)2050℃）、又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、無法單獨電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)困(kun)難.氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋁(lv)(lv)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)入冰(bing)晶(jing)(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)后(hou)就(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)在的(de)溫度(du)（940980℃）下進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie).溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，比(bi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)容易(yi)得(de)多，自(zi)然(ran)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)點就(jiu)降(jiang)低了。可以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)，如果沒(mei)有冰(bing)晶(jing)(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，全世界也(ye)許(xu)就(jiu)沒(mei)有如此大(da)(da)規模的(de)鋁(lv)(lv)工業，價格也(ye)就(jiu)沒(mei)有這(zhe)么(me)低，應用(yong)也(ye)就(jiu)沒(mei)有這(zhe)么(me)廣(guang)泛。二、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)鋁(lv)(lv)一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)用(yong)冰(bing)晶(jing)(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)原(yuan)因為：1、冰(bing)晶(jing)(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)含(han)比(bi)鋁(lv)(lv)更正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性的(de)元素(su)，穩(wen)定(ding)性好，在一(yi)般條件下不(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)揮發、不(bu)(bu)(bu)潮解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)點高于鋁(lv)(lv)，導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性好，節約電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量等。2、在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)溫度(du)下，冰(bing)晶(jing)(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)—氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋁(lv)(lv)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)密(mi)度(du)比(bi)鋁(lv)(lv)液(ye)密(mi)度(du)要(yao)小10%，故電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)出來的(de)鋁(lv)(lv)液(ye)能(neng)沉積在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)下面的(de)陰(yin)極上，這(zhe)樣可減少鋁(lv)(lv)的(de)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)損(sun)失，又(you)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)簡化(hua)(hua)了鋁(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)槽的(de)結構(gou)；3、能(neng)較(jiao)好地溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋁(lv)(lv)，并且所(suo)構(gou)成(cheng)的(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)體可在純冰(bing)晶(jing)(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)點以(yi)(yi)下進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)；并且流動性較(jiao)好。
