含冰晶(jing)石的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋁(lv)(lv)在(zai)(zai)(zai)鋁(lv)(lv)和鋁(lv)(lv)合金的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)化過程中(zhong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)化,為了(le)防止(zhi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)化和去除(chu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)體中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夾(jia)雜物,通(tong)常通(tong)過添(tian)加熔(rong)(rong)(rong)劑(ji)來達到目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。前者是在(zai)(zai)(zai)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)體表(biao)面去除(chu)一(yi)層叫做覆(fu)蓋(gai)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)劑(ji),熔(rong)(rong)(rong)化后形(xing)成一(yi)定(ding)(ding)厚度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)致密液體層,可以(yi)阻止(zhi)氧(yang)氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲入(ru),從(cong)而防止(zhi)鋁(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)化,顯著降低鋁(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燒損,后者是在(zai)(zai)(zai)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)體中(zhong)加入(ru)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)煉劑(ji),可以(yi)將Al2O3等夾(jia)雜物從(cong)鋁(lv)(lv)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)體中(zhong)分(fen)離出來,一(yi)起浮在(zai)(zai)(zai)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)體上形(xing)成待(dai)去除(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)渣,并可以(yi)吸收熔(rong)(rong)(rong)體中(zhong)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氫(qing)氣,因此(ci)精(jing)煉劑(ji)具(ju)有除(chu)雜和除(chu)氫(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙重功(gong)能。
鋁(lv)及鋁(lv)合金熔(rong)體的覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)劑和(he)精煉(lian)劑多(duo)(duo)由(you)氯鹽和(he)氟(fu)鹽組成(cheng),部(bu)分還含有(you)冰(bing)晶石(shi)創(Na3AlF6),但因價(jia)格(ge)較高,不含鉀冰(bing)晶石(shi)曲(qu)(KAlF4),常用的1號覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)劑由(you)40-50kcl、25-35NaCl和(he)18-26Na3AlF6組成(cheng)。它是一種含冰(bing)晶石(shi)的粉(fen)狀熔(rong)劑,密度約為(wei)2.3千克(ke)/米,熔(rong)點約為(wei)670℃。由(you)于冰(bing)晶石(shi),鋁(lv)熔(rong)體與(yu)熔(rong)劑之(zhi)間的界面張力(li)增加,熔(rong)劑的揮(hui)發性(xing)和(he)吸濕性(xing)降低,覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)層變多(duo)(duo)。
原(yuan)則(ze)上可(ke)以用鉀冰(bing)晶石(shi)(KAlF4)代替熔劑中的所有冰(bing)晶石(shi),獲得(de)更(geng)好的覆蓋和(he)精煉效果(guo),但是鉀冰(bing)晶石(shi)價格昂貴,所以從性價比來看(kan)還是不(bu)要用鉀冰(bing)晶石(shi)比較好,一般情況下,氯化(hua)(hua)物鹽(yan)對(dui)氧化(hua)(hua)鋁(lv)的熔融(rong)能力很小,為1%-2%。如果(guo)加入(ru)冰(bing)晶石(shi),熔劑對(dui)氧化(hua)(hua)鋁(lv)的熔化(hua)(hua)能力將大(da)大(da)增強(qiang)。